Compare and Contrast Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Compare and Contrast - Research Paper Example However, the American’s political analysts and scientist have been reluctant in carrying out studies on the religious organizations. This means that political science has shown some lack of interest to religious issues and the politicians have failed to merge their work to the theories of religion. The different religious interest groups have different operation whose characteristics are unique. It’s safe to claim that most religious interest groups have to some point, been involved to the politics in America. This chapter focuses on the religious politics that raises concern for the religious interest groups. It also attempts to identify the various religious interest groups in the United States and their views of political issues. I will also discuss two types of religious interest groups and their goals at the national level. Evidence is derived from studying the various religious interest groups. The religious diversity in the United States has resulted to the diver sity of goals and how their means of seeking them. Religious traditions in U.S.A The religious tradition in the United States is manly Judeo-Christianity. It divides the entire religious community into six groups. They include, the Roman Catholics, black Protestants, evangelical Protestants, mainline Protestants, Jews and the Secular people. The biggest religious group in the United States is the Protestant community. The Evangelical Protestants view the Bible literally and have the mission of bringing people back to Christ. The Black Protestants have more liberal political views than the Evangelical Protestants. Some groups in the religious tradition detach themselves from the secular or non-religious people in the society. However, majority of them obtain power from the political system of the nation. Most political scientists claim that the religious interest groups are to be held responsible for the absence of multiparty system in America. The religious interest groups organize ecumenical coalitions just like how political parties construct coalitions, in order to gain influence on various political issues in the Country (Wentz,67). Types of religious interest groups The types of religious groups discussed in this chapter are the Christian and Muslim interest groups. The two interest groups have both similar and different understanding of the political matters. Christian Religious group The Christian coalition was formed to improve the agenda on preserving the traditional view of the political and social system in the United States as well as the traditional values of the Americans. In 1989, Pat Robertson established the Christian coalition after losing the presidential nomination in 1988. The coalition mainly consisted of evangelical Protestants. The Christian coalition in America is composed of two million members and an additional of two thousand chapters in different fifty states. It influences the actions of political legislators in favor of tradition al values of religion and family. It also supports school prayer and market capitalism. On the other hand, the Christian interest group in the United States opposes gun control, abortion and secular influence. The organization was very selective in supporting the political candidates. It supported some and ignored others. However, the organization’s power of influence started to decline as membership dropped

Electoral College Of U.S.A Essay Example for Free

Electoral College Of U.S.A Essay The President and Vice-President of U. S. A are being elected by a body of electors. The scripter’s of U. S Constitution formulated an indirect method for electing the President and Vice-President. This method is known as the ‘Electoral College â€Å"which scripter viewed that would end in informed, educated persons being selected to their nation’s top position. However, each political party in U. S. A picks up their own cadres to act as electors to elect the top leaders. Thus, presidential candidates have to secure majority votes in the Electoral College for winning the election. In the U. S Presidential election, voters do not vote for President or Vice-President directly but pick up electors who are pledged to support their presidential candidates. Each State in U. S. A has as many electors at is has U. S Senators which will be normally two and U. S Representatives, the number will be depending upon the state’s population. For instance, the District of Colombia is having three electoral votes. Those presidential candidates who have the most popular votes win all of the state’s electoral votes. This is recognized as the â€Å"winner-take-all† rule. (The Columbia Encyclopedia, 2007). The electors in each state will assemble in their legislative assemblies and vote for presidential candidate during the election time. Thus, each state testimony its electoral votes and forwards the results to the U. S Congress which counts the ballots. The counting will be carried over by the Senate and the House of Representatives and it will review the â€Å"Electoral College† votes. The candidate who obtains the majority of 270 Electoral College votes out of total 538 wins despite of the outcome of the popular votes. In case, if there is a tie or if no candidate obtains a majority, then the House of Representatives picks up the President and the Senate picks up the Vice President. Due to the concept â€Å"winner-take-all† dictum, it is possible as it had happened in the year 2000 election (Bush v Al Gore), a candidate who win the popular vote and still lose the Electoral College. Dating from 1845, the federal law requires that electors must be chosen on the Tuesday following the first Monday in November and the counting of votes will be perused by the Congress on January 6. The Electoral College is vehemently attacked that it has to be reformed as it had given the country about 14 minority presidents. Thus, the following are the Presidents who had won the majority in the Electoral College even though they lacked behind in obtaining popular vote. It is to be observed that among the above mentioned Presidents, only Harrison, Hayes and George W. Bush failed to obtain a plurality of the popular vote. The main aim of the Electoral College system is to give more recognition to the less populace states on the basis of the number of a state’s electors on its senators and U. S representatives and to prevent the President to focus more attention to most populous states and on the problems significant to their voters. One of the main intentions of Electoral College is to make sure that most qualified candidate and not the most popular candidate would be chosen by electors on behalf of their states but by making an independent judgment. After the Twelfth Amendment, there were copious efforts to amend the Electoral College and to alter the system of presidential election, but none of them has succeeded. George W. Bush popular-vote loss and victory in Electoral College with a thin margin in the year 2000 again triggered the support for annulment of Electoral College system as it lacks natural justice in deciding the victory of the presidential election.

Aids: Is It A Modern Plague? :: essays research papers

AIDS: Is it a Modern Plague?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In some parts of the world there are still wars being fought and dictators in power. There are societies which consider themselves at the peak of evolution and progress. They are able to create state of the art automobiles, luxurious homes, efficient and organized industries, complex computerized machinery and atomic weapons. Many societies are governed by a democratic system which herald a belief in freedom.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All societies, regardless of their political and economic makeup, are also ruled by a special class of dictators; these dictators are unseen to the naked eye, and are invincible. These invisible tyrants are microorganisms. Underdeveloped countries, technologically advanced countries, and those in between are at the mercy of these microorganisms, which come in many forms - viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. The most dangerous of these forms is the virus. Some viruses, such as the common flu, are considered to have a fairly detrimental capacity. The flu can incapacitate a human for several weeks with various symptoms such as bodily soreness, fever, bronchial complications, and even pneumonia. But while these conditions can be painful and frightening, we are usually confident that proper medication and rest will take care of the matter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  However there is a much more severe and indiscriminate tyrant, with enormous corrupting influence, capable of infiltrating all of civilization. Scientifically, it is a submicroscopic pathogen consisting of a particle of nucleic acid, enclosed in proteins, and able to replicate only within a living cell. Socially, it is responsible for an enormous amount of chaos and fear in the world today, and pronounces the human fault of ignorance. Can it be considered to be a modern plague?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This complex and confusing king of all tyrants is called Human Immunodeficiency Virus, or HIV. HIV is a retrovirus. Retroviruses are commonly identified in many animal species, but HIV and its variants, such as HTLV I, HTLV II, HTLV III are among the rare retroviruses found in humans. It is transmitted through blood, semen, and vaginal secretions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  HIV is a retrovirus of the Lentivirus group and is the etiologic agent of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). AIDS was first recognized as a disease syndrome in 1981; HIV was identified as its cause in 1984. AIDS is a life and death issue. To have the AIDS disease is at present a sentence of slow but inevitable death. There currently is neither a cure, nor an effective treatment, and no vaccine either.

Free Essays - A Tale of Two Cities - Critical Analysis :: Tale Two Cities Essays

A Tale of Two Cities - Critical Analysis In 1859, Charles Dickens wrote the book A Tale of Two Cities. In A Tale, Dickens writes about the French Revolution, and relates the events in the lives of two families, one French and one English. In addition to writing about a very interesting fiction plot, Dickens also tied in a wide variety of important themes and sub plots that keep the reader interested as well as portraying very valuable lessons for us even today. He chose very archetypical characters for the book, all strengthening or portraying one of the themes. The main themes are revenge, courage and sacrifice, and resurrection. One theme involves revenge; the evil effects of revenge bring out one's bad side. Although it occurs many times in A Tale, Madame Defarge is the main character representing this theme. Her sister and mother were assaulted by the brothers Evrémonde. After this, she vows to herself that all members of the Evrémonde family will die. She turns into a ruthless killer because she must get revenge. When her husband tells her to stop, she replies, "tell the wind and fire to stop, not me" (pg 338). We now see that she is a person teeming with hatred. Revenge is so powerful. When she found out Charles Darnay is an Evrémonde and is planning to marry Lucie Manette, she began to knit his name into the shroud she was making, symbolizing his impending death. Also, she tried to kill Lucie and her daughter, just because they were related to an Evrémonde, even though Darnay (Evrémonde) denounced his heritage and disconnected all relationships to them. Lucie was in a state of mourning so Defarge jumped on the situation. "She will be at home, awaiting the moment of his death. She will be mourning and grieving. She will be in a state of mind to impeach the justice of the Republic. She will be full of sympathy with its enemies. I will go to her." (p. 349) She had no mercy, her main goal was to kill all descendants of the Evrémonde family, women and children included and even non-blood relatives. At the end of the novel, she receives an end fitting her ways; she was killed by Ms. Pross, who is the epitome of love and kindness. It is evident from here that Dickens believed that good would always win over bad.

Relgion VS Superstition Essay

Religion is defined as a belief in a divine or superhuman power or higher being to be worshiped as the creator of the universe. Many of the characters have strong religious beliefs, but will not practice any form of superstitious behavior. Both the Widow Douglas and Miss Watson share a common belief in God but view Him in different ways. â€Å"Sometimes the widow would take me one side and talk about Providence in a way to make the body’s mouth water; but maybe next day Miss Watson would take hold and knock it all down again.†(p.13) This proves that Miss Watson and the Widow Douglas have differing views of heaven or â€Å"Providence.† While Huck is in the care of the Widow Douglas he also learns about God but is unsure of how to view Him. Huck’s struggles attempting to understand religion are spread throughout the entire story. The definition of superstition is any belief or attitude that is inconsistent with what we know of science such as charms, omens, and the supernatural. When the characters are expressing or acting out on their superstitious beliefs, they rarely have religious connotations. There are also many examples of superstition in this novel. One such example is when Huck flicks a spider into a candle flame and it dies. â€Å"†¦I flipped it off and it lit in the candle; and before I could budge, it was all shriveled up. I didn’t need anyone to tell me that was an awful bad sign.† (p.5) After Huck realizes what’s happened to the spider, he performs a ritual meant to keep away witches. This is but one of many examples in the book of Huck’s superstitious nature. Jim is also very superstitious, with such obvious examples as his â€Å"magic hair-ball.† This hair-ball was taken out of an ox’s stomach, and Jim claimed it could tell fortunes, and people actually believed it. When Huck asked if it knew anything about his Pap, Jim said that it wouldn’t talk without some kind of payment, so Huck pays with a fake quarter, and Jim gives him a vague explanation of what is going to happen. And Huck believes him. A third example is the snake skin fiasco. Both Huck and Jim believe the snake skin, when touched, would bring bad luck, and sure enough it does. â€Å"I awluz ‘spected dat rattlesnake-skin warn’t done wid it’s work.†(p.90) This turns out to be true when Huck and Jim’s raft is damaged by a passingboat, and Huck and Jim are separated. Superstition and religion are not completely opposites however. There are subtle similarities expressed by different characters. For example, â€Å"there was a cross in the left boot-heel made with big nails, to keep off the devil.† Pap, being superstitious, does what he can to keep away bad omens. Pap is as far away from being religious as a person can get and yet he believes in the devil. Most people know that the devil is associated with religion. This is one similarity between religion and superstition. Another similarity is how religiously Huck follows his superstitions. â€Å"†¦turn over the saltcellar at breakfast. I reached over for some of it as quick as I could to throw over my left shoulder to keep off the bad luck†¦feeling all worried and shaky, and wondering where it was going to fall on me, and what it was going to be.† (p.16) When Miss Watson saw what Huck was doing she told him he was making a mess and to stop. The widow put a good word in for him yet he still felt bad because he could not finish his ritual. Just like a religious person feels bad when they can not finish their prayers or worships. Religion and superstition mean completely different things, however they can be practiced in the same way. The similarities between the two ideas are closely related and yet totally different.

10 Facts About Lagomorphs

10 Facts About Lagomorphs Rabbits, hares, and pikas, collectively known as lagomorphs, are known for their floppy ears, bushy tails and impressive hopping ability. But theres more to lagomorphs than fluffy fur and a bouncy gait. Rabbits, hares, and pikas are versatile mammals that have colonized a wide range of habitats throughout the world. They serve as prey for many species and as such play an important role in the food webs they occupy. In this article, youll learn interesting facts about rabbits, hares,  and pikas and find out about their unique characteristics, their life cycle, and their evolutionary history. Lagomorphs are divided into 2 basic groups Lagomorphs are a group of mammals that includes two basic groups, the pikas, and the hares and rabbits. Pikas are small, rodent-like mammals with short limbs and rounded ears. When they crouch down, they have a compact, almost egg-shaped profile. Pikas prefer cold climates throughout Asia, North America and Europe. They often inhabit mountainous landscapes. Hares and rabbits are small to medium-sized mammals that have short tails, long ears, and long hind legs. They have fur on the soles of their feet, a characteristic that gives them added traction when running. Hares and rabbits have acute hearing and good night vision, both adaptations to the crepuscular and nocturnal lifestyles of many of the species in this group. There are about 80 species of lagomorphs There are about 50 species of hares and rabbits. Well-known species include the European hare, snowshoe hare, Arctic hare and eastern cottontail. There are 30 species of pikas. Today, pikas are less diverse than they were during the Miocene. Lagomorphs were once thought to be a group of rodents Lagomorphs were once classified as a subgroup of rodents due to similarities in physical appearance, the arrangement of teeth and their vegetarian diet. But today, scientists believe that most similarities between rodents and lagomorphs are the result of convergent evolution and not due to shared ancestry. For this reason, lagomorphs have been promoted within the mammalian classification tree and now ran astride rodents as an order in their own right. Lagomorphs are among the most intensely hunted of any animal group Lagomorphs serve as prey for a wide variety of predator species around the world. They are hunted carnivores (such as bobcats, mountain lions, foxes, coyotes) and predatory birds (such as eagles, hawks, and owls). Lagomorphs are also hunted by humans for sport. Lagomorphs have adaptations that enable them to elude predators Lagomorphs have large eyes that are positioned on either side of their head, giving them a field of vision that encircles them completely. This gives lagomorphs a better chance of spotting approaching predators since they have no blind spots. Additionally, many lagomorphs have long back legs (enabling them to run quickly) and claws and fur-covered feet (which give them good traction). These adaptations give lagomorphs a better chance of escaping predators that get too close for comfort. Lagomorphs are absent from only a few terrestrial regions throughout the world Lagomorphs inhabit a range that includes North America, Central America, parts of South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In some parts of their range, especially islands, they were introduced by humans. Lagomorphs are absent from Antarctica, parts of South America, Indonesia, Madagascar, Iceland and parts of Greenland. Lagomorphs are herbivores Lagomorphs eat plants of various forms including grasses, fruits, seeds, herbs, buds, leaves and even bits of bark they strip off of deciduous and coniferous trees. They are also notorious for eating cultivated plants such as grains, cabbage, clover, and carrots. Since the plant foods they eat are nutrient-poor and difficult to digest, lagomorphs eat their droppings, thus causing the food material to pass through their digestive tract twice to maximize the number of nutrients they are able to extract. Lagomorphs have high reproductive rates Reproductive rates for lagomorphs are generally quite high. This offsets the high mortality rates they often face due to harsh environments, disease, and intense predation. The largest lagomorph is the European hare The European hare is the largest of all lagomorphs, reaching weights of between 3 and 6.5 pounds and lengths of more than 25 inches. The smallest lagomorphs are the pikas Pikas include the smallest of all lagomorphs. Pikas generally weigh between 3.5 and 14 ounces and measure between 6 and 9 inches long.

Free Essays on John Updike

Updike: A Premiere Chronicler of Middle America in all its Mundane Glory The novels, short stories, and poetry of John Updike are typically known for being about everyday life in the American middle class. He writes realistic fiction; stories that are credible because they are written about everyday people in everyday situations. These are stories that normal people can relate to; stories about people like them. There is also a focus on some sort of â€Å"moral dilemma† that the character and the reader must deal with. Both the character and the reader have to decide what is morally right and wrong under particular circumstances. Updike’s story â€Å"A it is a story about an everyday kid living in middle class America that struggles with the world’s values versus his own. It is said that Updike’s short stories illustrate his â€Å"deep affection for everyday life in all its banality† (Hedblad 379). The entire scenario in â€Å"A it is normal; it is ‘everyday.’ â€Å"Updike’s Fiction is deeply informed by a kind of moral realism†¦.that is rooted in an understanding of the dailiness of life†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Thorburn 4). There is not one character in â€Å"A from Sammy, the clerk, to the â€Å"sheep† in the store. All of his characters are regular middle class people. There are no rich snobby people or dirt poor people. â€Å"Updike is considered a premiere chronicler of middle America in all its mundane glory† (Hedblad 375). Updike is also famous for creating a theme in his stories which is meant to be a â€Å"moral dilemma† and create â€Å"moral debates with the reader† (Schopen 525). In â€Å"A... Free Essays on John Updike Free Essays on John Updike Updike: A Premiere Chronicler of Middle America in all its Mundane Glory The novels, short stories, and poetry of John Updike are typically known for being about everyday life in the American middle class. He writes realistic fiction; stories that are credible because they are written about everyday people in everyday situations. These are stories that normal people can relate to; stories about people like them. There is also a focus on some sort of â€Å"moral dilemma† that the character and the reader must deal with. Both the character and the reader have to decide what is morally right and wrong under particular circumstances. Updike’s story â€Å"A it is a story about an everyday kid living in middle class America that struggles with the world’s values versus his own. It is said that Updike’s short stories illustrate his â€Å"deep affection for everyday life in all its banality† (Hedblad 379). The entire scenario in â€Å"A it is normal; it is ‘everyday.’ â€Å"Updike’s Fiction is deeply informed by a kind of moral realism†¦.that is rooted in an understanding of the dailiness of life†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Thorburn 4). There is not one character in â€Å"A from Sammy, the clerk, to the â€Å"sheep† in the store. All of his characters are regular middle class people. There are no rich snobby people or dirt poor people. â€Å"Updike is considered a premiere chronicler of middle America in all its mundane glory† (Hedblad 375). Updike is also famous for creating a theme in his stories which is meant to be a â€Å"moral dilemma† and create â€Å"moral debates with the reader† (Schopen 525). In â€Å"A...

The results are in! Resume Format Rundown

The results are in! Resume Format Rundown Last week I introduced you to Loft Resumes, a service that provides custom-designed resumes to job seekers in a variety of industries. I also provided sample formats from some of The Essay Expert’s successful resumes. I then asked you to vote on which you preferred. Here’s what the survey looked like for those of you who missed it   Id still love your input! Create your free online surveys with SurveyMonkey, the worlds leading questionnaire tool. Thank you to the 25 people who responded to my survey! Here’s the tally: Do you prefer the designs of Lofts designs or The Essay Experts? 1 person preferred Loft Resume’s designs. [This person was in the insurance industry] 17 people (68%) preferred The Essay Expert’s designs. 1 person liked both equally. [This person was in the IT industry. Note that The Essay Expert has some   other formats you might like better!] 1 person did not like either one. [This response came from an attorney. I agree none of the formats presented would be appropriate for an attorney. For attorneys we use much more straightforward designs.] 5 people chose â€Å"Other† and provided the following feedback: ATS Concerns Essay Experts designs are better, but I fear the inserted box and other graphics might skew an Applicant Tracking System preventing the information from being read and stored, costing an applicant the job by not registering properly within its system. If physically scanned, the Essay Expert is more professional and provides information employers want. [from a career professional/resume writer] My response: It is true that text boxes and graphics can skew an ATS system. After posting my article, I was contacted by a representative of Loft Resumes who stated that their resumes do well in Applicant Tracking Systems as well. I would have to test a resume myself to know if that is an accurate statement (Loft does not advertise that their resumes are ATS-friendly). Keep in mind that every job seeker must have TWO resumes: one for the computer robots and one for humans. Hiring managers, in my experience, really love The Essay Expert’s resumes. I do not have any information on their response to Loft’s designs. Too Dense I dont like either one, they are both too dense with info, the eye doesnt know where to go to quickly pick up the pertinent details. [from someone in the High Tech industry] My response: Thanks for your feedback. Thankfully the hiring managers who looked at The Essay Expert’s resumes appreciated something in the resumes, since both of these candidates got job offers for their targeted positions! Neither was in High Tech, and we would certainly use a different format for a high-tech position. Industry-Dependent Design It greatly depends on the industry/position. If in creative industry would prefer LOFT.   AND I think Lofts resumes are a little too designy the design has more impact than the information contained within it. But Lofts could be very good for people in the arts, film production, etc. My response: In fields like marketing and sales, you might be right that LOFT resumes could be viewed more favorably. In a field like graphic design, of course, it would be preferable for the candidate him or herself to design the resume! Its position AND audience specific. My response: I couldn’t agree more. We use different looks and feels for every industry we work with. As stated above, if the audience is a hiring manager a highly formatted resume is generally viewed favorably; recruiters hate them. Even The Essay Experts samples here might be too â€Å"fancy† for an accountant, although two responders in Accounting and Finance stated they were very likely to purchase an Essay Expert resume and very unlikely to purchase a LOFT resume. One responder whose industry is aerospace/defense wrote, â€Å"The Loft’s [formats] would never work in my industry.† And I received one response from a person in â€Å"consulting† who stated he or she would be very likely to purchase from The Essay Expert and very unlikely to purchase from Loft. I like LOFT designs for their uniqueness. They are probably appropriate for someone in more in a creative field versus an executive position. I like Essay Experts designs for their clean, uncluttered appearance. They are easy to read and probably more scannable than the LOFT design. My response: Thank you! I believe I addressed this comment above. â€Å"How likely would you be to purchase a resume design by Loft Resumes, The Essay Expert, or Another Service?† Overall, my readers (who I admit might be predisposed toward resumes by The Essay Expert) are much more likely to purchase a resume designed by The Essay Expert than they are to purchase a resume from Loft or another service. It was also striking to me that 50% were very likely or somewhat likely to purchase a resume from The Essay Expert. A gift to you! Thank you for your support, and if you responded to this survey and are considering purchasing a resume package from The Essay Expert, I will be happy to offer you a 20% discount on any package (maximum discount $100), offer good through April 30, 2012. Note you must complete the survey to qualify for this offer! This is your reward for being a loyal reader and participant in my interactive media opportunities and for reading to the end of this lengthy article! Category:Resume TipsBy Brenda BernsteinApril 16, 2012 2 Comments Rebecca Robin says: April 26, 2012 at 3:39 pm I did not find Preptel to be particularly valuable. For another opinion, I shared the site with a friend who is the head of recruiting for a 900 employee organization. She agreed. While the concept is wonderful, the execution leaves much to be desired. Many of the suggestions to improve keyword matches were nonsensical and words that were important matches were ignored. For example, the program missed the term CAD (computer aided design) but picked up plan and lost the connection between them both. A site I do like is wordle.net, but I use it to get an impression of what words are used most frequently in a job description. I might exchange the words highlighted in wordle with those in my resume to get a closer match. Thank you for your posts, I find them quite helpful. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: July 17, 2012 at 4:14 pm Thank you for your comment Rebecca. The issue is that of companies who use ATS systems, about half of them enter the desired keywords by hand, thus making sense to a human, and half let the computers determine the keywords. For that second half, unfortunately the keywords are often non-sensical. Thats why a program like Preptel can be useful! Im glad you are getting value from my posts and appreciate your feedback! Log in to Reply

International Business Organisation Management Report Essay

International Business Organisation Management Report - Essay Example The Bunnings Group Ltd is Australia and New Zealand's leading retailer of home and garden improvement products and is also a major supplier of building products. Its home building section especially targets small - medium builders. It became a public company in 1952 and in 1994 Wesfarmers acquired it. (Bunnings Warehouse Property Trust - BWPT website, 2006). The trust was listed on the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) in September 1998. The BWPT properties are on long-term leased to Bunnings Pty Ltd. typically for a period of 10 - 15 years. (BWPT History Overview 2006) 2001 was the year of extensive growth for Bunnings as Wesfarmers took over Howard Smith Ltd, which resulted in Bunnings fully integrating Howard Smith's Australia and New Zealand's BBC hardware operations known as Hardwarehouse, BBC and Benchmark. The Bunnings brand was to replace all three previous brands (Wesfarmers website 2006). Bunning's is in the pursuit of sustainability within their operations by striving to making the operations socially responsible, environmentally aware and economically viable. Bunnings took shape in 1886 when Arthur & Robert arrived in Perth, WA from London and soon won a government building contract and soon founded the group of companies known as Bunnings Bros Pty Ltd. The company has since seen many milestones. In 1952, Bunnings became a public company and expanded into retail. In 1994 Wesfarmers Ltd., one of Australia's largest public companies acquired Bunnings and Wesfarmers has given an able leadership and direction to the company. All the departments and divisions are being managed very professionally with. Organisational Structure Bunnings is structured around a team-based belief in providing the best service alongside the widest range of home improvements at the lowest prices. On a company level, they are structured to pursue sustainability in all its departments and through all their supplier relationships. A manager is manages the trust which in turn is run by a board of directors. These directors and management control the general everyday activities of the business. The management chain goes down to the state manager followed by the regional manager and then individual store managers. A store manager controls the business which has his/her group of employees broken into teams depending on their department or specialty. For example, there may be up to 5 different teams, with a team leader in control of the employees of that team. The team leader has an important role as he/she has to manage and motivate the employees. Each Bunning's store has a strong emphasis on teamwork and each employee is valued in the business. A key factor that all team leaders have at every Bunnings warehouse stores is that they have "reward power". This is where they have the ability as a manager to give or withhold tangible and intangible rewards such as pay rises, bonuses and verbal praise. As a result members of the organisation are more motivated to perform at a higher level; managers will have a highly motivated workforce as efforts are appreciated. This is a fine example of the 'path goal theory' model. Bunnings Encourages empowerment by expanding employee's tasks and responsibilities, giving employees authority to take decisions, be responsible for their outcomes, improve quality, and cuts costs - and provide feedback

How different are quantitative and qualitative research Essay

How different are quantitative and qualitative research - Essay Example In order to understand the differences between the qualitative and quantitative research, it would be necessary to refer to their fundamental characteristics as well as to their role, as key research methodologies. The definitions, which have been developed for the above two research methods, are also presented. The review of the literature published in the specific field has led to the assumption that the differences between the qualitative and the quantitative research are often ignored and their simultaneous use is attempted – especially for research projects that are quite demanding. 2. Qualitative and quantitative research – description, forms In the literature, the scope of qualitative research has been explained using different approaches; however, it seems that all relevant views focus on the same fact: qualitative research is used in order to identify the causes of human behaviour in regard to various social events. This view is made clear in the study of Maria mpolski (2001) where it is noted that ‘qualitative research seeks the meanings and motivations behind behaviour’ (Mariampolski 2001, p.7). ... h the definition of qualitative research presented in the study of Merriam (2009); in accordance with the above definition, ‘qualitative research is a situated activity that locates the observer in the world’ (Denzin and Lincoln, 2005, p.3, in Merriam, 2009, p.13). On the other hand, Potter (1996) notes that the role and the value of qualitative research can be understood only by referring to the particular elements of the specific research method. This task is developed through three different types of definitions:’ a) a component-type definition, b) a procedural-type definition and c) a product type definition’ (Potter, 1996, p.20-21). The first of the above definitions, the component-type one, focuses on the parts/ elements of qualitative research; an indicative definition of such type is, for example that of Jankowski and Wester (1991) who emphasized on the content of qualitative, i.e. on the meaning given by people to their social activities and their active presence within the society – meaning that all people in society have a role which tends to be changed under different social conditions (Potter, 1996). The second definition, the procedural-type one, refers to qualitative research as ‘a sequence of tasks’ (Potter, 1996, p.21). A definition which follows a similar path is, for example, that of Pauly (1991) who noted that the qualitative research includes five steps: a) identification of the topic, b) development of the research questions, c) collection of the material, d) explanation of the findings, e) presentation of the researcher’s personal view on the issues under discussion (Pauly, 1991, in Potter, 1996, p.21). Finally, the product-type definition gives emphasis ‘on what is produced by the qualitative method’ (Potter, 1996, p.21).

Compare and contrast two Jazz Big Bands Research Paper

Compare and contrast two Jazz Big Bands - Research Paper Example With these elements Jazz music introduced a new ‘Swing Style’ which spread across the country making Jazz even more popular and enjoyable. In this research paper I have chosen to discuss two very important Jazz bands – The first one is the ‘Benny Goodman and his Orchestra’ and the second is a modern Jazz band which is the ‘Thad Jones/ Mel Lewis Orchestra. 2 The years of Jazz that followed held great significance as major Jazz figures with their own inimitable style, aesthetic sense and technical skills emerged. Some of these greats on the Jazz scene were – Louis Armstrong (1932), Duke Ellington and others who set the stage for the progress of Jazz music. (Schuller, Gunther, 1989, pg.3) The socio-economic backdrop with the Depression on one hand and the Wall Street Crash on the other provided potent ground for the flourishing of Jazz. (Schuller, Gunther, 1989, pg. 4) The economic conditions were poor and unemployment was rampant and musici ans found it hard to make ends meet. It was during this difficult period that the ‘Swing Era’ emerged when Jazz became synonymous with American Popular Culture. Benjamin David ‘Benny’ Goodman, clarinetist and bandleader of the group, was crowned the ‘King of Swing’ in History during this period. Born in Chicago on May 30th, 1909, Benny went on to lead one of America’s most popular Jazz orchestras. (Benny Goodman- The King of Swing, www.bennygoodman.com/) It was his popularity that epitomized the Swing Era because his music was heard by both the Blacks and Whites equally as he strived hard to quench the thirst for Jazz music for the new mass audience and finally emerged as a ‘symbol of the era’. (Schuller, Gunther, 1989, pg. 6) Benny Goodman’s career began when he joined the Henderson band which was one of the best bands of that time whose form, style and sound was so remarkable and unique. An alliance was formed and t he Benny Goodman band went on to create history by shaping the future of Jazz. 3 Teenagers were swept off their feet as they craved for swing music and very soon they had a good fan following of Jitterbugs who went crazy for his music. (Benny Goodman, www.jazzhotbigstep.com/45801.html) One of his popular numbers that I listened to was ‘Swingtime in the Rockies’. It was an interesting dance number that was so foot tapping that I felt like dancing myself. It was rhythmic from beginning to end filled with staccato snatches from the clarinets and trumpets which were joined in by the trombones. The drums kept a steady rhythm right through the composition which was so energetic as it was fulfilling. (Benny Goodman, www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL47798F00A3AF3280 The music of Benny Goodman and his Orchestra is unmistakable because most of the compositions are so lively and energetic. One of the other songs I listened to is ‘Sing, Sing, Sing’ which featured in a f ilm titled ‘Hollywood Hotel’. Besides Goodman, the other players were Gene Krupa on the drums and Harry James – Trumpet. The song was fast paced and rhythmic and the orchestra played it flawlessly with the entire group joining in the last piece. (Sing, Sing, Sing’, www.youtube.com/watch?v=3mJ4dpNal_k The Benny Goodman Orchestra was the most popular swing

Simulation Analysis Report Lab Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Simulation Analysis - Lab Report Example It is therefore true to say that the strategy adopted by the company was successful as it helped the company in achieving its operational and strategic goals. The companys strategy has also been effective in the achievement of the operational and strategic goals of the company. The effectiveness of the company strategy can be evaluated using activity ratios. Judging from the activity ratios, it is clearly evident that the company has been effective in its operations. For example, the inventory turnover of 0.24 clearly shows that the company has been efficient in the management of its inventory as well as in the generation of sales from the inventory. However, a low ratio of accounts receivable turnover of 20.58 recorded by the company is an indication that the company has not been quite efficient in the collection of its receivables. To improve its future operations, the company will have to change its strategy in order to improve on its marketing outcomes. That is, there is the need for improvements in the company’s operations and strategies. The company through its Board of Directors and management should improve its R&D outcomes in order to improve on its operations efficiency and profitability. This will include investing more in R&D in order to create new and innovative products in the High-End Segment (Capsim Manual). Highly innovative products will enable the company to remain a cost leader with a focus on the product life cycle. There is also the need for the company to change its strategy to a differentiator with product lifecycle focus. This strategy will enable the company to gain a high competitive advantage with innovative new products that have excellent design and easy accessibility. The new products will also keep pace with the market and will offer improved performance and design, which w ill earn the company increased sales, profitability and overall improvement of its marketing outcomes (Baum,

Organizational Issues and Trends Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Organizational Issues and Trends Paper - Essay Example d of course in order to be able to predict tendencies the managerial staff has to be on top of the topic in the present to know how are these areas affect the business in the present and how they have influenced in the past to learn from the victories and the mistakes. Three topics or issues of great importance which are studied in this essay are global ethics, stress in the workplace and organization politics. The paper analyses these three issues from a current perspective as well as looking at the tendencies in these issues a decade from now. Stress is a mental and emotional condition that affects the behavior of humans in all facets of life. It is a condition that is not healthy and organization must recognize its existence and ensure preventive measures are in place to minimize its occurrence. If stress is identified among a group or individual worker the company must also have a way to litigate with the problem on a personal and confidential matter to ensure the employee or employee get the help needed to deal with the problem. Since stress is a human condition spark by a variety of factors in a person’s personal and work life it will always be present among some members of the staff. A company first of all has to take measure to ensure the work conditions of the company do not contribute to a stressful work environment as well as having protocol measures in place to identify employees suffering from this medical condition to provide them with the counseling the person needs to help them deal with the situation . Stress in the workplace is an undesirable condition because it leads to lower productivity, a higher incidents of human error, unnecessary tension, a lack of group synergy and other negative factors for an enterprise. The factors or categories that lead to stress in the workplace include bad economic trends in an organization, interpersonal relationships, organizational culture, lack of promotional opportunities for qualified candidates and other

Simulation Analysis Report Lab Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Simulation Analysis - Lab Report Example It is therefore true to say that the strategy adopted by the company was successful as it helped the company in achieving its operational and strategic goals. The companys strategy has also been effective in the achievement of the operational and strategic goals of the company. The effectiveness of the company strategy can be evaluated using activity ratios. Judging from the activity ratios, it is clearly evident that the company has been effective in its operations. For example, the inventory turnover of 0.24 clearly shows that the company has been efficient in the management of its inventory as well as in the generation of sales from the inventory. However, a low ratio of accounts receivable turnover of 20.58 recorded by the company is an indication that the company has not been quite efficient in the collection of its receivables. To improve its future operations, the company will have to change its strategy in order to improve on its marketing outcomes. That is, there is the need for improvements in the company’s operations and strategies. The company through its Board of Directors and management should improve its R&D outcomes in order to improve on its operations efficiency and profitability. This will include investing more in R&D in order to create new and innovative products in the High-End Segment (Capsim Manual). Highly innovative products will enable the company to remain a cost leader with a focus on the product life cycle. There is also the need for the company to change its strategy to a differentiator with product lifecycle focus. This strategy will enable the company to gain a high competitive advantage with innovative new products that have excellent design and easy accessibility. The new products will also keep pace with the market and will offer improved performance and design, which w ill earn the company increased sales, profitability and overall improvement of its marketing outcomes (Baum,

Chp 26 dis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chp 26 dis - Essay Example This is because the lawnmower by Sears was a non-inventory collateral because the debtor (Cosmo Fiscante) retained the good. This therefore automatically perfects the PMSI of Sears and hence the Sears have the legal obligation to regain the lawnmower and take it back and not the other creditors who claim it. A Purchase Money Security Interest (PMSI) is a type of legal guarantee for a seller against other creditors in case the debtor becomes bankrupt or is unable to meet his or her obligation. The PMSI is only considered valid if it is perfected by the seller. Perfecting of the PMSI depends on whether the good sold is an inventory or non-inventory collateral. Inventory collateral has to be followed by a notification to the debtor in order for the PMSI to be considered perfected. In the case of non-inventory collateral, no notification is required and once the good is given to the debtor, then the PMSI is considered to be perfected (Miller and Jentz,

The Effects of Addicting to Cyber Social Networks Essay Example for Free

The Effects of Addicting to Cyber Social Networks Essay The Effects of Addicting to Cyber Social Networks Social network is an addictive thing nowadays. I believe that everyone, start from teenagers up to old people addict to cyber social networks. Almost every single breathe, they update their twit, their statues, etc. If we cannot control ourselves to use this social network in the good way, it will not take a long time for us to get the bad impacts. There are so many bad impacts of addicting social networks. First of all, we will next to our far away people we usually connected to, but we will be far with the people around us. How come? Many people always keep contact to their friends in cyber world by social networking, so they often don’t care with the people around them. That condition absolutely makes others feel uncomfort to talk with that person. So, don’t be surprised if those real friends will stay away from that person. Actually it’s good to keep contact with people who far away with us. However, real friends are more important than cyber friends. Why? Because if we have a problem, real friends will help us directly than cyber friends. So the main point here, we have to priority our real friends first, then our cyber friends. The second is our main activity will be annoyed because of addicting to social networks. I am sure that we often meet someone who cannot live faraway from their gadget just to update his social networks. Don’t you ever think that this habit actually is annoyed his main activity? For example, there is a student in a class. All of us know that his main activity should be related with studying. However, if he is too busy with his social networks, how about his study? I believe that he will not be able to focus on his study because every single breathe he updates his social networks as I said before. That habit will also influence his score, how come? Because if we cannot focus on what we do, of course we will not be able to do it well. We will not be able to give our best on it. The last but not least, addicting to social networks will give bad impact for our body. As we know that if we addict to something, in this case social networks, we will not be able to be separated with our gadgets. Whenever and wherever we go, those gadgets will stick with our hand, and absolutely it’s dangerous for us. Medical research has found that two mobile phones which are calling to each other for some hours can make an egg cooked. From that news, I think we should know how dangerous the radiation of this gadget is. Besides the radiation, too much doing this activity will make us feel lazy to move, we will sit all day long. Sitting for a long time is also not good for our body, we have to do exercise at least 15 minutes per day regularly. As you know, it is really dangerous for us if we cannot use cyber social networks in a good way. Being far away with people around us, annoying our main activity and also causing harm for our health is just some examples of this bad habit. In my opinion, technology is good for us, but we have to use it in a good way too, so we can get the advantages. Sonia Dwi Cahyanti 110221414604/AA

Evolution of Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW)

Evolution of Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW)  ­Ã‚ ­EVOLUTION OF SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE STRUCTURES: AN OVERVIEW , and Abstract — Substrate integrated waveguide(SIW) is the most captivating technology for easy integration onto planar substrates for millimeter wave components and systems for the next decade. This guide is synthesized on the substrate with arrays of metallic posts retaining the low loss advantage of conventional rectangular waveguides. In this paper, various evolving structures of SIW which had been implemented for various practical applications like filters, couplers, antennas etc are reviewed and some ongoing projects based on this technology are also presented. Index Terms —  Filters, couplers, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) INTRODUCTION Metallic waveguides are preferred over traditional transmission lines like coaxial cables wherein high losses are accounted, namely, copper losses and dielectric losses [1]. Metallic waveguides inherit the advantage of high power handling capability and high Q-factor [2]. In spite of its aforementioned advantages, it is not yet a very promising technology because of its bulky and non planar nature [3]. Slot like planar printed transmission lines are next to metallic waveguides used in microwave integrated circuits (MICs). These were planar in nature but not suitable at smaller frequencies due to its transmission losses [4].      To bridge the gap, SIW is introduced, a very promising waveguide structure which maintains the advantages of a rectangular waveguide, such as high Q-factor and high power handling capability in planar form [5-7]. Basically in SIW, two parallel metallic layers of substrate are connected via metallic posts introducing structure similar to common metallic waveguides. Generically, the substrate integrated waveguides (SIW) are known as substrate integrated circuits (SICs) [8]. SIW is the most popular topology among others family members of SICs because the design techniques of rectangular waveguide can be applied directly to this topology. The SIW technology has been implemented with millimeter and microwave components as it is suitable for high frequency range because of its accounted leakage losses at low frequency. They can be directly connected to planar circuits, namely, micro strip line and coplanar waveguides (CPW), allowing for easy integration of active circuits thus making it su itable for mass production . In this paper, evolutions of SIW structures are studied and different application of SIW technology are presented, and some ongoing projects are discussed later. EVOLUTION OF SIW STRUCTURE At millimeter wave frequency, electromagnetic coupling between building blocks of antenna makes designing a very critical issue. To provide great deal of flexibility for designing of components, concept of SICs is introduced. SIW, which are synthesized on planar substrate in which metallic posts are perforated in the embedded substrate using printed circuit board technology shown in fig.1. [9] Fig.1. Substrate Integrated Waveguide The steady and constant rise of wireless user has fuelled an increase in wireless applications. For the fulfillment of increasing day to day needs of communication, various evolving structures of SIW are proposed. Substrate integrated slab waveguide (SISW), a new variant in the SIW toolkit is hereby introduced [10]. The structure offers an increase in bandwidth by adding air holes into an SIW mainly for wideband microwave applications. Compared to rectangular waveguides, a size reduction of is achieved with SIW. Unfortunately, SIW are still large (compared to their micro strip counterparts) for various practical applications and hence substrate integrated folded waveguide (SIFW) is proposed [11]. In SIFW size reduction of (9) is achieved by using dual layer substrate but its losses are increased. Also there are half mode substrate integrated waveguides (HMSIW) [12] which increases the bandwidth and can also have a reduced size while maintaining the advantages of SIW. Recently after HMSIW, folded half wave substrate integrated waveguide (FHMSIW) is proposed but there are complexity issues which needs to be solved [13].For effective utilization of waveguide channel, hybrid SIW is proposed in which waveguide channel usage is maximized by routing a strip line inside the substrate [14]. Novel class of bandwidth enhancing structures are proposed, namely ridged substrate integrated waveguide (RSIW) [15] shown in Fig.3 and ridged substrate integrated slab waveguide (RSISW) [16].In former structure, side walls of top and bottom metal layers are connected by full height metallic posts and central row of partial heighted metallic posts are connected at their bottom by a metal strip. The latter structure is having the similar geometry of RSIW but additional air holes are included to further increase the bandwidth. Also there are unpopular structures like honeycomb substrate integrated waveguide (HCSIW) and folded corrugated substrate integrated waveguide (FCSIW). HCSIW cr eates partially low dielectric region by drilling air filled posts vertically [17] and FCSIW is used for back lobe suppression [18]. For two different modes of propagation, switchable substrate integrated waveguide (SSIW) (via the biasing of pin diode switch) is introduced [19]. Another variant of HMSIW is rotated HMSIW, to improve the manufacturing tolerances by enabling direct interaction with wave energy at central point which is not feasible for the structures discussed earlier[20]. Recently, Butterfly substrate integrated waveguide; another variant has been added to the SIW toolkit for better gain and low side lobe levels. [21]. Latest variant added to the SIW toolkit is empty SIW (ESIW). This structure eliminates the disadvantages of dielectric substrate by replacing it by novel empty substrate (air filled) while maintaining the advantage of complete integration in planar substrate [22]. Outlines of important configurations of SIW are shown in fig.2. [11], fig.3.[15] and fig.4 [21]. Fig.2. SIW Main Variants Fig.3.RSIW Structure Fig.4.Butterfly substrate integrated waveguide FUTURE TRENDS IN SIW SIW, a very promising technology has been implemented for many practical applications like SIW based shifters, oscillators, resonators, filters, power dividers, diplexers, mixer, antennas and many more [23-30]. Currently there were many ongoing projects in progress based on SIW technology. A very few have been mentioned here in this paper. Efficient synthesis and design of reconfigurable micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) based band pass filter (BPF) in SIW technology [31] is one of the ongoing projects. This project is focused on the development of novel microwave and millimeter wave fully reconfigurable BPF on SIW so that advantages of miniaturization, easy integration onto planar substrates, low losses, high power handling can be achieved. This project tries to combine the advantages of novel comb line SIW resonators with the enhanced characteristics of MEMS varactors to tune the response of coupled resonator filters. These filters are key components of emerging RF front ends for future telecommunication systems. SOSRAD-77GHz SIW system on substrates (SOS) radar front end is the other ongoing project based on SIW [32]. The aim of the project is to establish SIW technology as the leading high performance platform to encompass all available technologies within a common substrate at mm-wave frequencies. Some of the completed projects on SIW technology are stated; integrated focusing systems in SIW technology: full wave modeling and optimization [33] and Design and development of SIW based RF circuits and components using metamaterials in ku-band application [34]. REFERENCES [1] Dominic Deslandes, â€Å"Design considerations for tapered micro strip to substrate integrated waveguide transitions,† IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 46, no.5, pp.625-630, May 1998. [2] N. Ranjkesh and M. Shahabadi, †LOSS MECHANISMS IN SIW AND MSIW,† Progress in Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 4, 299–309, 2008. [3] Li Yan, Wei Hong Guang Hua, Jixin Chen, Ke Wu and Tie Jun Cui, â€Å"Simulation and Experiments on SIW Slot array antennas,† IEEE Microwave and wireless components letters, vol. 14, no. 9, September 2004. [4]  Futoshi Kuroki and Ryo-ji Tamarulow, â€Å"Low-loss and Low-cost solution for printed Transmission Lines at Millimeter-wavelengths by using Bilaterally Metal-loaded Tri-plate,† Microwave Symposium Digest, 2009. MTT’09, IEEE MTT-S International. [5]  Dominic Deslandes and Ke Wu, â€Å"Integrated Micro strip and rectangular waveguide in planar form,† IEEE Microwave and wireless components letters, vol. 11, no. 2, February 2001. [6]  Uchimura, H.; Takenoshita, T.; Fujii , M., â€Å"Development of the laminated waveguide,† Microwave Symposium Digest, 1998 IEEE MTT-S International, vol. 3. [7]  a, J.; Ando, M, â€Å"Single layer waveguide consisting of posts for plane TEM wave excitation in parallel plates,† IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 46, no.5, may 1998. [8] a Wu, Dominic Deslandes and Yves Cassivia, â€Å"The Substrate Integrated Circuits-A new concept for high-frequency electronics and optoelectronics,† 6th international conference on Telecommunications in Modern Satellite, cable and Broadcasting Service, 2003, vol. 1. [9] M. Bozzi, L. Perregrini, K. Wu, and P. Arcioni, â€Å"Current and future research trends in substrate integrated waveguide technology,†Radioengineering, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 201–209, 2009. [10] Deslandes, D.; Bozzi, M.; Arcioni, P.; Kea Wu, â€Å"Substrate integrated slab waveguide (SISW) for wideband microwave applications,† Microwave Symposium Digest, 2003IEEE MTT-S International, vol. 2, pp. 1103-1106. [11] Nikolaos Grigoropoulos, Benito Sanz-Izquierdo and Paul R. Young. â€Å"Substrate Integrated Folded Waveguides (SIFW) and Filters,† IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components letters, vol.15, no. 12, December 2005. [12] W. Hong, B Liu, Y. Wang; Q. Lai, H. Tang, X. X. Yin. D. Dong, Y. Zhang, and K. Wu, â€Å"Half Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide: A new guided wave structure for microwave and millimeter wave applications,† in Proc. Joint 31st Int. conf. Infr. Millim. Waves, Sept. 18-22, 2006, pp. 219-219. [13] W. Wang, Yuan Jiang, W. J. Zou, R. J. Luo, X. Q. Lin, â€Å"A varactor-loaded tunable phase shifter based on folded half mode substrate integrated waveguides,† in Proc. International Symposium on Antenna, Propagation EM Theory(ISAPE)Oct. 22-26,2012 pp. 558-561. [14]  Suntives, A.;Abhari, R, Experimentalevaluationof ahybridsubstrate integrated waveguide, Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2008. AP-S 2008. IEEE, pp.1-4. [15]  Cuixia Li,;Wenquan Che;Russer, P.,Propogation and Band Broadening Effect of Planar Ridged Substrate-integrated Waveguide(RSIW), Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology, 2008. ICMMT 2008.InternationalConference,vol. 2,pp.467-470. [16] M. Bozzi, S. A. Winkler, and K. Wu, â€Å"Broadband and compact ridge substrate integrated waveguides,† IET Microw. Antennas Propag., vol.4, no. 11, pp. 1965–1973, 2010. [17] H. Ikeuchi, I. Ohta, M. Kishihara, and T. Kawai, â€Å"Honeycomb substrate integrated waveguide (HCSIW) and its application to design of SIW right-angle corner,† Proc. 42nd European Microwave Conf., pp. 112-115, Oct. 2012. [18] Daekeun Cho; Hai-young Lee,Folded Corrugated SIW(FCSIW) Slot Antenna for Backlobe Suppression, Antennas and wireless propagation Letters,IEEE, vol.2,2013. [19] R. F. Xu; B. S. Izquierdo; and P. R. Young, â€Å"Switchable substrate integrated waveguide,† IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 21,no.4, pp. 194–196, Apr. 2011. [20] Farrall, A..J. ; Young, P.R,Rotated Half-Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide, Antennas and Propagation Conference(LPAC),2013, pp.514-517. [21] Mohtashami, Y. ; Rashed-Mohassel, J,A Butterfly Substrate Integrated Waveguide Leaky-Wave Antenna,IEEE Transactions on Antenna and Propagation, 2014, vol. 62, pp.3384-3388. [22] A. Belenguer, H. Esteban, V.E. Boria,Novel Empty Substrate Integrated Waveguide for High-Performance Microwave Integrated Circuits,IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, April 2014, vol. 62, pp. 832-839. [23] W. Che, E. Yung, and K. Wu, â€Å"Millimeter-wave ferrite phase shifter in substrate integrated waveguide (SIW),† in IEEE Int. AP-S Symp. Dig.,Jun. 2003, pp. 887–890. [24] Y. Cassivi and K. Wu, â€Å"Low cost microwave oscillator using substrate integrated waveguide,† IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 13,no. 2, pp. 48–50, Feb. 2003. [25] Y. Cassivi, L. Perregrini, K. Wu, and G. Conciauro, â€Å"Low-cost and high-Q millimeter-wave resonator using substrate integrated waveguide technique,† in Proc. Eur. Microw. Conf., Milan, Italy, Sep. 2002, pp. 1–4. [26] D. Deslandes and K. Wu, â€Å"Millimeter-wave substrate integrated waveguide filters,† in Proc. IEEE Elect. Comput. Eng. Conf., May 2003, vol. 3, pp. 1917–1920. [27] S. Germain, D. Deslandes, and K. Wu, â€Å"Development of substrate integrated waveguide power dividers,† in Proc. IEEE Can. Conf. Elect.  Comput. Eng., May 2003, vol. 3, pp. 1921–1924. [28] Z. Hao, W. Hong, J. Chen, X. Chen, and K. Wu, â€Å"Planar diplexer for microwave integrated circuits,† Proc. IEEE Microw. Antennas Propagat. Conf., vol. 152, no. 6, pp. 455–459, Dec. 2005 [29] J. Xu and K. Wu A sub harmonic self-oscillating mixer using substrate integrated waveguide cavity for millimeter-wave application,IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., pp.2019 -1022 2005. [30] W. Hong, â€Å"Development of microwave antennas, components and subsystems based on SIW technology,† in Proc. IEEE Microw., Antenna, Propag. and Electromagn. Conf., Beijing, China, Aug. 8–12, 2005, pp.P-14–P-17 [31] Efficient synthesis and designs of reconfigurable microelectromechanical systems based band pass filter in substrate integrated waveguide technology , cordis .europa . eu / project / rcn / 704581_en.html. [32] SOSRAD-77 GHz substrate integrated waveguide(SIW) system on substrate (SOS) radar front-end, http://www.cttc.es/project/77-ghz-substrate-integrated-waveguide-siw system on substrate-sos-radar-front-end/. [33] Integrated focusing systems in substrate integrated waveguide technology: full wave modeling and optimization, http://www.esf-newfocus.org/achievements_projects.html. [34] Design and development of SIW based RF circuits and components using metamaterials in ku-band application, www.becs.ac.in/project-etc-submenu.

Aimee Benders The Rememberer and Franz Kafkas The Metamorphosis Essay

The characters in Aimee Bender's â€Å"The Rememberer† and Franz Kafka's â€Å"The Metamorphosis† are all adjusting to life after their love ones started to change. On each story the characters behaviors change and the reaction to each citation take a different perspective on life. Bender’s â€Å"The Rememberer† the narrator and Ben are lovers presenting a physical and intellectual connection to each other sadness â€Å"He was always sad about the word. It was a large reason why I love him. We’d sit together and be sad and think about being sad and sometimes discuss sadness† (Bender 101). The narrator becomes sadder as Ben transform from a human to an ape, and finally a sea turtle. She is aware that Ben is somewhere inside the ape. At first she wanted to find the reason for the transformation. She becomes his protector, telling strangers and coworker he was ill, she did not want anything to happen to Ben. Then she fells lonely and she want to â€Å"to take care of my lover like a son, a pet† (Bender 102), hoping to retain Ben as long as she could. But the reality was that he is gone and she could not see him again. She finally realizes she have to let him go, because it was difficult for her to continue to see Ben in these conditions and without a sign of the human being she love so much. The characters of Kafka’s â€Å"The Metamorphosis† are similar in the aspect that the family members of Gregor the main character are going to a transformation as well. But they take a different approach than the Narrator and Ben in Bender’s â€Å"The Rememberer†. In Kafka’s â€Å"The Metamorphosis Gregor is traveler salesman that becomes a giant insect. He is his family providers and this transformation jeopardizes his job. As he struggles with his physical condition and worri... ...ntil people do not become familiar and educated they do not know how to handle such situations. These histories have a relation to people suffering with mental or physical conditions. The person affected by such personal change may do not understand what is happening to them, while the family and friends may do not how to approach changes. They may feel alone and make difficult decisions like separate them for the ill person. Instead of providing the love and comfort on times of need we become cowards and look the other way pretending nothing is happening. WORK CITED Bender, Aimee. "The Rememberer.† The Story and Its Writer. Charters, Ann. Compact 8th ed. Boston: Bedford/ST. Martin's, 2011. 100-102. PRINT. Kafka, Franz. "The Metamorphosis." The Story and Its Writer. Charters, Ann. Compact 8th ed. Boston: Bedford/ST. Martin's, 2011. 471-505. PRINT.

The Richness of Olive Oil Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Richness of Olive Oil When I think of olive oil, a picture suitable for a postcard comes to mind: rows of olive groves, pasta figgoli, Pavarotti singing, and Grandma Garone rubbing olive oil on the heads of my father, Vincenzo, and his brother, Francisco. Their hair would take on the Italian look: dark and sheen, slicked back, reminiscent of John Travolta in Saturday Night Fever. Grandpa Garone owned acres of olive groves in a small village outside of Naples in Southern Italy. Each day, his workers collected the olives and made batches of fresh olive oil. When my grandparents came to America in 1925, they smuggled in as much olive oil as they could carry—12 gallons worth—for fear they would find nothing like it here. Pungent, thick, and drab to emerald green in color, olive oil comes from the fleshy pulp of the fruit of an evergreen tree grown exclusively in temperate climates: Spain, Southern Italy, Greece, and, more recently, California. In 1775, the first California olive trees were planted around the state at the various Spanish missions. Today, California’s olive oil industry constitutes less than 0.5 percent of world production because only 3 percent of the 110,000 tons grown in California is used to make olive oil. The rest is canned and consumed as olives; preserving the olives costs less and is more time efficient than pressing for oil. California has four major varieties of olive: Manzanillo, Mission, Sevillano, and Ascalano. The Mission, named for the Spanish missionaries who introduced it, is most commonly used to make oil because of its high oil content and its â€Å"low pit to flesh ratio.† More than 300 other varieties of olives are grown in California. Sounding like female characters in a Fellini film... ... United States, it is unique, compared to the bread and butter usually served in Italian restaurants. By serving the oil with the bread, Kuleto’s is supposedly emulating Italian culture, at a pretty high price. Would this practice be so popular if olive oil tasted more like Crisco? The distinctive flavor, as well as the romantic and pastoral images conjured up by traditional strong olive oils, make this oil a winner in today’s overflowing market. Even the painter Renoir had something to say about olives: â€Å"Regardez cette lumiere dans les oliviers: Ça brille comme un diamant.† (Look at the light in the olive trees: it is brilliant like a diamond.) It is the oil that makes them shine like diamonds. And it is the bucolic images of the Italian countryside that will draw consumers back again and again to the richness of olive oil, both in flavor and on the body.

Alcohol and Family Violence Essay

Alcohol and family Violence has been an issues with families for many years, these are two demons that some just can’t break, families have been experiencing the traumatic of one’s physical uncontrollable actions. Alcohol has become one’s stress reliever in all views that it began to take over one’s way of thinking and reaction, this is ways individuals express their evil thoughts and the sad thing it that the abuse of alcohol has a domino effect on their children’s as they become adults and parents later in life. If community members understand violence differently, their responses may be inconsistent and even harmful to victims. (Advocate. Minnesota, (2003)). Almost 6,500 children across the world have been a victim of family violence which leads up to being in a single parent home, One in three children globally (30%) said as leader of their country; they would tackle violence by improving law and order. For children in developing countries, improving education (17%) was the next priority (compared with just 6% of children in developed countries). (2003). Child Fund.) Finally, a 1991 study in the United States found that the average amount of alcohol consumed prior to the use of violence was only a few drinks, which â€Å"suggests that the act of drinking may be more related to woman abuse than the effect of alcohol.† Two other studies indicate that drug use is more strongly correlated to domestic violence than is alcohol. (2003). Child Fund.) Improving their self-esteem, they abuse the victim physically, emotionally, and sometimes, sexually. Another key factor in wife abuse is alcohol. When the man is stressed, he turns to alcohol to relieve it. Little does he know that the alcohol makes him more irritable? â€Å"He started really drinking excessively and that is when the abuse started. He had been drinking I sat down to read the paper and he wanted his supper . . . he kicke d the cat to the ceiling, he started slapping my face with both hands,† (Berger, 1990, pg. 42). So, if you’re in an abusive relationship what is the best way to get out and stop of the battering abuse? After notorious acts of abuse, usually, the woman will finally realize that the situation will never get better. Basically there  are three basic reasons why women leave a violent relationship: Educated themselves about the necessary available help, being faced with the impact on their children (mentally, physical, sexually and courage to know when enough is enough) and women having a tolerance level of abuse. (Berger, 1990, pg. 48). Family Violence is Willfully or knowingly placing, or attempting to place, a family member in fear of hurt, causing hurt, wrongful confinement or restraint against the family member’s will or continual harassment which causes anguish.. A family member can be your spouse or ex-spouse, child (including adopted and step child), sibling, parent or in-law. Now there are many factors that contribute to family violence, the most commonly see n are the characteristics of the abused and the abuser. There is no one specific country or culture that is more abusive than another, abuse is spread across countries, cultures, socio-economic statuses, races, religion and ethnic groups (Goldman, Salus, Wolcott & Kennedy, 2009). For example, one may be very educated and well-kept but if unable to control behavior caused by emotions, he may be abusive. While if one may be poor and lowly educated, if he is well controlled in his behaviors and emotions, he will then not be abusive. More often, in cases of child abuse, the abuser usually a parent, father or mother, could be one who may be in situations of stress or someone who simply cannot control their emotions, anger. In a paper written by Professor Harry J. Gaynor (1998), in 1,356 cases of child abuse reported by National Burn Victim Foundation, there were 176 spontaneous cases, of which 97% of them are parents that are known to have aggressive response behavior. There are two kinds of aggressive response, active and passive. Active aggressive behaviors do not have concern over the impact that anger will have to the abused, this translates to actions of hurting the abused verbally, could be hurling hurtful words, humiliating, and physically, hitting the abused. While the passive aggressive response behaviors are those that have cooped up, suppressing negative emotions of a length of time and a blow up or breakdown can be expected, this translates to behavior of neglect and not paying attention to the abused (Gaynor, 1998). Children are victims of adult’s uncontrollable behavior of anger. As much as we blame abusers, and we should look at their background and past, that when they were children were tormented as well. Baltimore County, Maryland Police Department (2012),  shared some facts about child abusing inmates, that 84% of them were abused as children, families with more than four children have higher rates of abused and neglect, more than 80% of the abusers are parent or someone the child is close to and parents on drugs is physically abused regularly. There are parental histories and the cycle of abuse that we have to factor into the characteristics of the abuser. Many of these individuals who are maltreating their own children were victims of abuse and neglect themselves. (Goldman et al., 2003). There is no major difference in percentage of perpetrators being female or male. An apparent close percentage of 50% and 58% of mothers and fathers are found to abuse their own children. However, while single mothers are accused of child neglect, many fathers who abandon the child are almost never considered in the neglect (Newton, 2001). Abuse often happen in environment or family situation where it is overcrowded, usually happens with families with more than four children. If the living conditions are cramped and isolated and parents do not hold proper stable jobs, the chances of abuse in those families, whether parent-child or sibling abuse may occur (Baltimore County, Maryland Police Department, 2012). From the Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders (n.d.), some causes of abuse at times are simply due to parent’s ignorance of developmental stages. This ignorance can lead to frustration and eventually aggressive behaviors. They are under stress because their child has issues with toilet training or not meeting their expectations. Understanding developmental stages can help parents to understand their child’s learning curve better and they will learn to cope with their expectation. Another cause is mental disorders, parent with depression, personality disorders or anxiety disorder etc., can affect their ability to care for their children. The abused, children as the focus, can contribute toward family violence toward themselves and they may never know it. Disabled children, children with mental disorders, children with development disorders, hyperactive children are all at a higher risk compared to a healthy child in receiving abuse. These children have needs that are special, if they do not attain required needs, manner of communication from them can be highly distressing. According to Sullivan (1996) from the Boys Town National Research Hospital, children with disabilities are found to be at greater risk of abuse and neglect compared to children without disabilities (Official Journal of the American Academy  of Pediatrics, 2001). Children with disabilities of any form may be unable to retort, have no understanding that they are abused or cannot communicate the happenings of the abuse may have issues because adults know that they can get away with it because their abuses will not be reported. Knowing one can get away with it makes it easier to push through the abuse compared to risking the child complaining to others about the abuse. Children although still the ultimate victims whether or not they are the cause of the abuse and abused children and the abuser may have much effect in the society. There are long term effects surrounding family violence and any forms of family violence have effects to both the abused and the abuser. Some of the effects are physical and neurobiological, cognitive and emotional and social and educational. First, physical and neurological damages are the visible effects on a child, direct trauma from physical abuse can cause ruptured organs and even possible brain deformity or retardation. Neglect will cause the child to be underfed and/or nutritional deficit, the child will have slow growth rate and development of the physical and brain would be unhealthy. This makes deficient in mental growth as well. Repeated trauma produces changes in the neurochemistry of the brain that affects memory formation. This causes the person to will time to time continually getting flashbacks of fragmented memories of emotions throughout their life. Cognitive and emotional damages are relative unseen. Some children resort into extreme methods to deal with the trauma tic experiences. Some lash out at people around them and themselves. Some become depressed and do things that make them feel better, example by taking drugs and alcohol, some even go to the extent of attempting suicide. Bonding and attachments with their parents or people in general may cease and understanding of the abusing behavior might become permanent if assistance does not come. Children that have been abused also show no concern when someone else is under distress, they may even result to behave in ways like hitting the other child the same way their abuser did to them (Sigelman & Rider, (2012). A social and educational effect becomes obvious when the child become less sociable or not sociable at all, isolating himself. The child may also become distrustful toward people in general making them unable to properly have a normal relationship. Due to this, the child will grow up having issues with self-esteem, have low level of confidence. Behaviorally, some children may  grow up to become abusive or they become isolated (Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders, n.d.). Some of the children who do not seek and have support to recovery may consider what they have been through has normal and appropriate. This is how the cycle of abuse goes on. Abused children are often emotionally and physically in pain at school; hence they are unable to concentrate at what they have to do, leading to them falling behind their grades. They find it hard to make friends and hence either become a bully or get bullied at school as well. Because of this, teachers at school might see them as a problematic child if they are not aware of the happenings that are going on at home. With society (school) labeling them as problematic and being abused at home by parents they are likely to feel rejected by everyone. Intervention as a Human Services Professional I would suggest that all family members seek counseling to express all issues and get to the root cause of the problem. When children are involved seeing a therapist with the family and without the parents would be one of my intervention to help their family, I would also have the parents go to parenting classes. Resource: Advocate. Minnesota, (2003).Alcohol and Domestic Violence. www.umn.edu/hutments/svaw/ domestic/link/alcohol.htm Attorney-General’s Chambers (31 October 2009). Interpretation of this Part. In Women’s Charter (Chapter 353, Section 64). Retrieved from http://statutes.agc.gov.sg Baltimore County, Maryland. (2 January 2013). Facts About Child Abuse. Retrieved from http://www.baltimorecountymd.gov/Agencies/police/community/abuse.html (2003). Child Fund. www.childfund.org.av/publication/new-childfund-survey-fines-assive-kids-blame-alcohol-number-one-cause-violence Gaynor, H. J. (1998). The Root of Child Abuse: Anger. Retrieved from http://www.aaets.org/article63.htm Goldman, J., Salus, M. K., Wolcott, D., Kennedy, K. Y. (2003). A Coordinated Response to Child Abuse and Neglect: The Foundation for Practice. Retrieved from https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/usermanuals/foundation/foundatione.cfm

Sen No Rikyu Sen

Sen No Rikyu The most influential Japanese tea master in Japan’s history is considered to be Sen No Rikyu. He made the tea ceremony Chanoyu (Way of tea) into an art form. Sen no Rikyu was born in 1522 to the name of Yoshiro in the merchant city of Sakai. Rikyu was born to a prominent family, his father, Yohei, was a city council member (The Japanese Way, 1998) as well as an accomplished merchant. (Above) Sen No Rikyu Developing of Wabi-Cha Wabi-Cha is a Japanese discipline of drinking tea. As stated in the article â€Å"Two for Tea†: The â€Å"Wabi† refers to the beauty that is found in simple things and Cha means tea. Japan Journal) At a young age Sen No Rikyu began to study tea ceremony under Kitamuki Dochi. During his time with kitamuki Dochi, he studied the elegant tea traditions of Higashiyama, which resembles that of a traditional Chinese tea ceremony and is best suited for a shoin room. (Fujimori, 2007) See link for a brief description of a Shoin Room: htt p://www. metmuseum. org/toah/works-of-art/shoin_room At the age of 19 Sen No Rikyu began to study under Takeno Jo-o, where he learned the contemporary style of tea ceremony.This type of tea ceremony was best suited for a smaller room, known as thatched tea house. In the Daitoku-ji temple, located northwest of Kyoto, Rikyu underwent Zen training as a Zen-Buddhist. After his training he changed his name to Sen Soueki (Japanese). By combining these two different methods of tea ceremonies, he was able to create a new foundation for tea ceremonies as declared in the article â€Å"Rikyu and the Fruition of the way of tea†: As this indicates, Rikyu first studied with Kitamuki Dochin, who practiced the Higashiyama style of tea that had come down from Noami.Thereafter, he studied with Joo in the Juko tradition, and by conjoining these two strands, he was able to construct a new basis for the success of Chanoyu. (The Japanese Way, 1998) (Above) Daitoku-Ji temple Daitoku-ji temple Video : http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=XlurloSuiC0 Sen no Rikyu continue to perfect his tea ceremonial style of Wabi and by 1580 he had fashioned what we know today as Wabi-Cha. As acknowledged in â€Å"Three Chanoyou and Momoyama: Conflict and transformation in Rikyu art†: A number of tea gatherings were recorded which suggest further development of his inclination toward Wabi sensitivities.In the summer of 1577 he held a gathering to open his tea room, probably in Sakai, and invited Matsue Ryusen, Tennojiya Doshitsu, and Tsuda Sogyu; apart from the Koshima bowl, all his tea articles were common and plain, and the meal (kaiseki) was quite simple. The next year he again held a simple gathering in his small room (kozashiki). He continued also to host tea gatherings at which he used the daisu stand, but by 1580 it is clear that he had developed a strong Wabi style. (Tea in Japan, 1998) Thatched tea house Entrance of a Thatched tea houseTea ceremony For a full description a of That ched tea house build by Sen no Rikyu see the first three minutes of this YouTube video: http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=WboHExBcKSg Success as tea master From a young age Sen No Rikyu was a talented tea ceremony host, this is known through the evidence of people writing about his tea ceremonial talent. As stated in the article: â€Å"Tea and council: The political role of Sen Rikyu†: A rich Nara merchant recorded in his diary that he had attended a tea ceremony hosted by the fifteen-year-old Rikyu.This shows that the boy must have been sufficiently accomplished to serve tea to such an important man and that already at this age he had successfully entered the exclusive circle of the powerful commercial elite. (Bordat, 1977) There isn’t a great deal of information about Rikyu middle years. What it’s know is that he continue to developed his tea ceremony methods and became popular among other tea masters of Sakai.As stated in the article â€Å"Three Chanoyu and Momoyama: Conflict and Transformation in Rikyu’s Art†: When Rikyu invited his teacher Joo to a gathering in 1544, just seven months before Joo's death, he used a Korean tea bowl, a kettle with a pattern of clouds and dragons, a Hotei incense container, a Kinrinji tea caddy, and a water jug of Shigaraki earthenware, and displayed a painting by Mu Ch'i with his own inscription in the alcove. These were all suitably valuable articles to show that Rikyu was in the first rank of Sakai tea men.A decade later Rikyu hosted a gathering with Imai Sokyu as the only guest, and Sokyu's account shows that Rikyu continued to collect and use famous and valuable articles; he placed a Semehimo kettle in the hearth, narcissus flowers in the highly-prized Tsuru no Hitokoe flower vase, and used a Shigaraki water jug, a Korean tea bowl, and the celebrated Narashiba Katatsuki tea caddy which had been beloved by Torii Insetsu and was afterward passed to Shimai Soshitsu of Hakata and, finally, to Hideyoshi (I should discuss about him later on).The available records thus make clear that Rikyu from an early age shared with the other Sakai tea men a liking for the collection and display of valuable articles, and he developed his aesthetic sense in accordance with his training in the Higashiyama tradition. (Ludwig, 1989) Below are two of Sen No Rikyu best saying: Though many people drink tea, if you do not know the Way of Tea, tea will drink you up. and The Way of Tea is naught but this: first you boil water, then you make the tea and drink it. Sen No Rikyu and his political rise.Even though Sen No Rikyu was a well known tea master, he never serve tea to the most powerful Daimyo of the region Oda Nobunaga, as stated in the article â€Å"Three Chanyu and Momoyama: Conflict and Transformation Rikyu’s Art†: Rikyu never attained such importance with Nobunaga, perhaps because his merchant family was not as powerful in Sakai. Approximately in 1570 Sen no Rikyu was int roduced to Oda Nobunaga, during this period Nobunaga was attempting the unification of Japan. Nobunaga who popularized Sen no Rikyu tea ceremony used it originally as a way to talk politics and business. Oda Nobunaga Biography) Rikyu along with Imai Sokyu, and Tsuda Sogyu, were placed in charge of tea ceremonies for Nobunaga. By 1575 Rikyu was acting tea master for Nobunaga as stated in the article â€Å"Three Chanoyou and Momoyama: Conflict and transformation in Rikyu art†: At a victory celebration after in 1575, Nobunaga turned to chanoyu and hosted a deluxe gathering at Myokoji Temple, inviting seventeen tea men from Kyoto and Sakai to display and use his many treasured tea articles.Rikyu's role in this sumptuous ceremony is indicated in Shincho Koki by the phrase â€Å"sado wa Soeki,† showing that Rikyu acted as tea master for Nobunaga. (Ludwig, 1989). (Above) Oda Nobunaga Rikyu continue to gain prestige above the other two tea master, mostly due to Nobunagaâ€℠¢s preference for Rikyu as he had become his secretary and highly trusted middleman. (Bodart, 1977) During this same period Rikyu was an established merchant that supported Nobunaga’s campaign as stated in the essay â€Å"Tea in Japan†: In a letter from Nobunaga address to Rikyu there is this note of thanks for a thousand musket balls.As Nobunaga continue to gain land he wanted to transform Chanoyu into his own possession (Kamakura, 1989), causing it to become a national practice, as it was way of showing Nobunaga’s supremacy. In 1582 Oda Nobunaga was assassinated, after a power struggle Toyotomi Hideyoshi claim most of Nobunaga’s clan and land. During this period Rikyu ingenuity ascended to new heights as well as his political power.In 1585 for the first time tea was formally presented to the Emperor, Emperor Ogimachi, at the Imperial Palace. As Rikyu didn’t posses rank or status he could not attend the ceremony, this issue was solve and is best d escribe in the essay â€Å"Sen No Rikyu: Inquiries into his life†: In order to be admitted into the palace either to have such as high rank and office, or alternatively, to assume the status of a priest who transcendent lay distinctions.Thus Rikyu took the priestly designation of Koji (Buddhist Layman) It is also believe that at this time Rikyu rose from one of many tea master to become Tenka Gosado â€Å"the tea master of Japan. (Bodart, 1977) (Above) Toyotomi Hideyoshi During Hideyoshi reign Rikyu political power increase so much so that he played a central role as stated in the article â€Å"Three Chanyu and Momoyama: Conflict and Transformation Rikyu’s Art†:With Hideyoshi in control, the political use of the leading tea masters continued, and Rikyu played a central role.This can be seen from his letters of 1584 and 1585, which show he was well informed of Hideyoshi's plans in the campaign against Oda Nobukatsu's and Tokugawa Ieyasu's forces and the Etchu ca mpaign against the Sassa, took a deep interest in these military affairs, and was even given responsibility in the custody of Osaka. (Ludwig, 1989) (Above) Osaka Castle Sen No Rikyu Death Rikyu became more than a tea master to Hideyoshi, he was often an advisor on other matters. Hideytoshi allow Rikyu to maintain his independence, but disagreements cause their relationship to fail.It is believe that when Rykyu refused Hideyoshi’s request to take Rikyu’s daughter as a concubine, the relationship broke and never recovered. (Zen)In 1591 Hideyoshi eventually order Rikyu to commit Seppuku (Ritual suicide) the true reasons are not know but according to the Article â€Å"Zen stories of Samurai†: Tradition holds that Hideyoshi was infuriated when he entered the gate of Daitoku-ji temple (whose construction he had funded) and saw that he was walking under a statue of Rikyu   Just before his death, Rikyu called together his family and disciples.He then composed his deat h poem. I raise the sword. This sword of mine; Long in my possession. The time is come at last. Skyward I throw it up! Sen No Rikyu Legacy Sen No Rikyu legacy can still be seen today in Japanese tea ceremonies. As he perfected the â€Å"Way of Tea† this cause all of the earlier styles of tea ceremonies to vanished with Rikyu death. Today all modern styles of tea ceremonies can be traced directly or indirectly to Rikyu. After his death Rikyu family scattered and when into hiding as stated in the article â€Å"A rief History of Chanoyu†: Though the family had been scattered and were in hiding in the residences of various generals , his son Shoan and grandson Sotan, succeeded in reestablishing the family name and reassembling their possessions. They began their task by rebuilding the Zangetsutei and Fushinan tea houses at Ogawa Teranouchi in Kyoto. Today three Sen families exists, this families continue the tradition of holding a memorial service every month at the mutual family temple. (A Brief) (Above) Sen No Rikyu Grave A timeline of the Chonoyu can be view at this link: ttp://www. tea-passage. com/timeline. html Reference A Brief history of chanoyu. (n. d. ). Retrieved from  http://cla. calpoly. edu/~bmori/syll/Hum310japan/Tea%20History. html Bodart, B. M. (1977). Tea and counsel. the political role of sen rikyu. Monumenta Nipponica,  32(1), FUJIMORI, T. (2007, August). Two for tea. Retrieved from http://www. japanjournal. jp/tjje/show_art. php? INDyear=07;INDmon=08;artid=f163e1f847cf981422ef0f1ccc Kumakura, Isao. (1989). Sen no rikyu: inquiries into his life and tea. Tea in Japan: Essays on the History of Chanoyu, 33.Ludwig, T. M. (1989). Tea in japan: essays on the history of chanoyu.. Honolulu HI: University of Hawaii Press. Oda nobunaga biography. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. biographybase. com/biography/Oda_Nobunaga. html The Japanese way of tea: from its origins in china to sen rikyu. (1998). Honolulu HI: University of Hawaii P ress. Tea in Japan: essays on the history of chanoyu. (1998). Honolulu HI: University of Hawaii Press. Zen stories of the samurai  . (n. d. ). Retrieved from  http://www. zenstoriesofthesamurai. com/Characters/Sen%20no%20Rikyu. htm

Analysis of Cadbury Company's environmental changes in last five years Assignment

Analysis of Cadbury Company's environmental changes in last five years - Assignment Example (English Tea Store 2009) John experimented with his mortar and pestle, and was proud to present a range of cocoa and chocolate drinks. His chocolate drinks had sugar in them to enhance the flavor and his precious chocolate products were sold in blocks. When customers purchased these blocks they cut a tiny piece, placed it in a saucepan, added milk or water as they desired and the delicious concoction was ready in a flash. (Cadbury Ltd 2011) The business was prospering very well and both brothers, John and Benjamin, joined together to form the company Cadbury Brothers of Birmingham. They set up an office in London and in 1854 received a Royal Warrant, the first of many, as manufacturers of chocolate and cocoa to Queen Victoria. After running the business successfully for six years, the brothers ended their partnership because John`s health was deteriorating and hence, the responsibility of running the company landed on the shoulders of John`s sons, George and Richard. Both the brother s ran the company very well and expanded the product line. They introduced Cadbury’s Cocoa Essence which marked the beginning of chocolate as it exists in today’s time. Soon, they were able to shift their operations to a larger facility. As the company continued to progress, the brothers appointed Master confectioner, Frederic Kinchelman to share his recipe and production secrets with the Cadbury workers. This resulted in the expansion of the product line as more chocolate delicacies were made available and in 1897 they introduced the first milk chocolate and from then on, after two years they were incorporated as a limited company. Cadbury merged with Schweppes in 1969 to form Cadbury Schweppe and from there on they went on to acquire Sunkist, Canada Dry, Typhoo Tea and more. The manufacture of Cadbury brands was licensed to Hershey. Also, Schweppes Beverages was created. (English Tea Store 2009) In February, Kraft Foods acquired the Cadbury Company, making it the lar gest confectionery company in the world again. From the year 1969 onwards Cadbury`s was known as "Cadbury Schweppes plc" but that was until a demerger took place in May 2008, which resulted in the separation of its global confectionery business from its U.S. beverage unit and was renamed Dr Pepper Snapple Group. Microenvironment: The microenvironment of an organization means the factors or fundaments present in its direct area of operations that has an impact upon its performance and as well as the important decisions made by the organization. These factors are comprised of the company`s: competitors, customers, suppliers, distribution channels and also the general public. (Business Dictionary 2011) Microenvironment of Cadbury: Customers: Every company treasures its customers; similarly, Cadbury`s ensures that its customers are getting delicious and premium quality products which are worth their price. People have faith in the brand name of the company and the company exerts it utmo st effort in maintaining the faith of its customers. Cadbury`s believes that Good business and Good values are directly proportional to one another. Therefore, they are committed to the implementation of their commitments and promises, so that they can value and guard the long history of trust that their consumers have in them. They listen to their consumers and respond to their needs. (Cadbury plc 2011) Roald Dahl, in his book The boy, writes that when he was in school,